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Tax law updates, banking changes, relocation sequencing, and substance documentation. Operational intelligence for founders entering Romania, written by the people doing the work.
All articles
Taxation
26 July 2026
12 min read
Since January 2026 the gap between Romania’s 16% domestic dividend tax and the 0% Parent-Subsidiary Directive exemption has more than doubled. That single change reprices Romanian holding structures — and this is an even-handed practitioner’s guide to when they work and when Cyprus, the Netherlands or Luxembourg still fit better.
Incorpore Advisory
Compliance
25 July 2026
12 min read
When a Romanian entity must prepare a transfer-pricing file, the materiality thresholds under ANAF Order 828/2026, related-party loan limits, country-by-country reporting, and where the obligations actually bite for a small foreign-owned SRL.
Incorpore Advisory
Licensing
25 July 2026
10 min read
Whether affiliates and marketing partners need ONJN Class 2 authorisation to place Romanian gambling traffic, the advertising restrictions that bind them, revenue-share versus CPA treatment, and the risk position of operating unlicensed.
Incorpore Advisory
Licensing
25 July 2026
10 min read
What "ONJN approved" actually means, where the public register of licensed operators sits, how to read a Class 1 or Class 2 entry, and how to confirm whether a gambling site is authorised to serve Romanian players.
Incorpore Advisory
Banking
25 July 2026
11 min read
Account refusals in Romania are rarely arbitrary. They follow the anti-money-laundering framework banks apply under Law 129/2019. Understanding the beneficial-ownership test, source-of-funds evidence, and the risk profiles that trigger refusal is how a file clears.
Incorpore Advisory
Banking
25 July 2026
10 min read
How much of Romanian business account opening can genuinely be done without travelling, and how much cannot. The honest answer is that fully remote high-street opening is difficult, and knowing where the in-person line sits saves weeks.
Incorpore Advisory
Banking
25 July 2026
12 min read
The Romanian banking market has consolidated sharply since 2024, and appetite for non-resident shareholders varies more between banks than any published fee schedule suggests. A practitioner comparison of the realistic options, the EMI question, and how to choose.
Incorpore Advisory
Relocation
24 July 2026
13 min read
A relocation from a Dutch BV to a Romanian SRL is governed on the Dutch side by the conserverende aanslag — the exit levy on a substantial shareholder emigrating. Depending on the accrued gain, it can make the move clean or uneconomic. The honest version, with the Dutch and Romanian sides in sequence.
Incorpore Advisory
Relocation
24 July 2026
12 min read
The 183-day count is the test founders reach for first and the one that decides the least. Romanian residency turns on domicile, permanent home, and centre of vital interests as much as on presence. Get the analysis wrong and you end up resident in two states at once.
Incorpore Advisory
Relocation
24 July 2026
10 min read
A certificat de rezidență fiscală is the document a foreign payer or a former home tax authority asks for before they will apply a treaty rate. It evidences Romanian tax residency; it does not create it. The application, the documents, the timing, and the common misunderstanding.
Incorpore Advisory
Taxation
24 July 2026
13 min read
The extraction question every founder asks: salary, dividends, or a mix. Both routes fully costed for 2026 — the income levels where the CASS bands flip the answer, the pension entitlement salary buys and dividends do not, and why the January 2026 rise in dividend tax from 10% to 16% moved the balance.
Incorpore Advisory
Taxation
24 July 2026
11 min read
The health contribution on dividends works nothing like the tax on them. Three bands pegged to the minimum wage, a liability fixed at the band floor rather than proportional to income, and a one-leu overshoot that costs a full band. The 2026 mechanics, worked examples, and how distribution timing across fiscal years changes the bill.
Incorpore Advisory
Taxation
24 July 2026
11 min read
The full gross-to-net arithmetic of a Romanian salary in 2026: CAS 25%, CASS 10%, income tax 10%, and CAM 2.25% on the employer. The minimum wage, its July change, the all-in cost of a minimum-wage hire, and why that hire is the price of entry to the 1% microenterprise regime.
Incorpore Advisory
Compliance
23 July 2026
10 min read
What a Romanian SRL actually has to file, and when. The statutory accountant requirement, monthly versus quarterly rhythm, the D112, D300, D394 and D390, annual financial statements to the Trade Register and Ministry of Finance, microenterprise declaration timing, document retention, and what founders underestimate in year one.
Incorpore Advisory
Compliance
23 July 2026
11 min read
RO e-Factura is now the operational spine of Romanian invoicing. This guide covers what the system is, SPV enrolment, the B2G–B2B–B2C rollout, the five-working-day submission rule, penalties, how a foreign-owned SRL runs it through an external accountant, and where RO e-Transport fits.
Incorpore Advisory
Compliance
23 July 2026
12 min read
When Romanian VAT registration becomes mandatory, when to register voluntarily, and how the 2025 rate changes land. The RON 395,000 threshold, the 21% and 11% structure, the cod de TVA versus the VIES number, OSS, and why VAT registration leaves microenterprise status untouched.
Incorpore Advisory
Compliance
23 July 2026
10 min read
The minimum share capital for a Romanian SRL changed in December 2025. This is a practitioner guide to the new RON 500 and RON 5,000 floors under Law 239/2025, how părți sociale work, capital increases and reductions, the ONRC share-transfer procedure, creditor opposition, and the UBO re-filing.
Incorpore Advisory
Compliance
23 July 2026
9 min read
Ready-made shelf companies are marketed as a shortcut to trading in Romania. They rarely are. This is a practitioner view of the UBO re-filing, the bank KYC that a shelf company does not skip, the historic-liability due diligence, and the fact that a fresh SRL takes 5–10 working days anyway.
Incorpore Advisory
Taxation
23 July 2026
11 min read
The PFA looks cheaper than an SRL until income rises. This is a practitioner comparison of the tax treatment, the CAS and CASS exposure that diverges sharply between the two, unlimited liability, banking credibility, and the switching path from PFA to SRL.
Incorpore Advisory
Compliance
22 July 2026
11 min read
Every Romanian company must name its beneficial owner in the Registrul Beneficiarilor Reali. This guide covers the 25% test, the senior-managing-official fallback, filing deadlines at ONRC, the RON 5,000–10,000 fine, dissolution risk, register access after the 2022 CJEU ruling, and what changes in July 2027.
Incorpore Advisory
Licensing
22 July 2026
14 min read
A practitioner guide to Romanian financial-services authorisation: the BNR payment institution and electronic money institution routes under Laws 209/2019 and 210/2019, capital thresholds, the fit-and-proper test, ASF-supervised investment firms, and why MiCA crypto authorisation is not currently available in Romania.
Incorpore Advisory
Taxation
22 July 2026
14 min read
The four jurisdictions founders shortlist most often, compared on the numbers that actually moved in 2026: Romania at 16% dividend tax, Cyprus at 15% CIT, Estonia deferring on distribution, Bulgaria holding a 10% flat rate inside the euro area.
Incorpore Advisory
Compliance
8 May 2026
8 min read
A practitioner-grade guide to the operational compliance burden on Romanian iGaming licensees: segregated player funds, the central self-exclusion register, deposit limits, AML/KYC under the AMLD6 transposition, SAR filings via SOIIA, and the penalty regime for non-compliance.
Incorpore Advisory
Licensing
8 May 2026
7 min read
A practitioner-grade guide to game and platform certification for Romanian ONJN licensees: the four accredited testing houses (GLI, BMM, eCOGRA, iTech Labs), what gets tested, per-game cost and timeline, and recertification cadence.
Incorpore Advisory
Licensing
8 May 2026
9 min read
A four-way comparison of the most-considered iGaming licensing jurisdictions in 2026: Romanian ONJN, Maltese MGA, Anjouan, and Curaçao. Cost, timeline, tax, banking, reputational tier, and EU market access — with practical guidance on which fits which business model.
Incorpore Advisory
Compliance
8 May 2026
8 min read
Romanian gambling-licence holders face an operational compliance regime that goes well beyond paper: territorial server hosting, Romanian-resident compliance officers, on-site inspections, and real cases of suspension. What the regulator looks for in practice, and how to prepare.
Incorpore Advisory
Taxation
8 May 2026
8 min read
A 2026-current breakdown of Romania's online gambling tax structure: the 27% gross gaming revenue tax introduced by OUG 82/2023, player-level taxation, corporate income tax interaction, and how Romania compares to Malta, the UK, and Curaçao on tax burden.
Incorpore Advisory
Licensing
8 May 2026
8 min read
A practitioner-grade guide to the Romanian ONJN Class 2 supplier authorisation: who needs it (game studios, platforms, payment processors, affiliates), the RON 1.56M capital floor, the 3–6 month timeline, scope distinctions vs Class 1, and the integration model with Class 1 operators.
Incorpore Advisory
Licensing
8 May 2026
9 min read
A line-by-line guide to the Romanian ONJN Class 1 authorisation for B2C gambling operators: the RON 8.5M capital floor, the fit-and-proper test, the 30+ document dossier, fee structure, the 6–12 month timeline, and the post-approval go-live sequence.
Incorpore Advisory
Compliance
2 May 2026
6 min read
CAEN — Romania's activity-classification scheme — looks like an administrative formality. It is not. The principal CAEN code determines microenterprise eligibility, sectoral licensing, default VAT regime, and which ANAF inspector handles your file. Pick wrong, and recovery costs months.
Incorpore Advisory
Taxation
2 May 2026
6 min read
The microenterprise CIT is famous; Romania's personal-tax side is less so. The 10% flat PIT, 16% dividend tax (raised from 10% on 1 January 2026), and the social-contribution stack determine what an owner-manager actually keeps.
Incorpore Advisory
Taxation
2 May 2026
6 min read
The headline price for forming a Romanian SRL is €600 at Incorpore. The all-in cost — state fees, registered address, banking, accounting, optional add-ons — is closer to €1,500–€2,500 in year one. An honest line-by-line breakdown of every fee a founder will see.
Incorpore Advisory
Compliance
2 May 2026
6 min read
Romanian SRL formation is genuinely remote in 2026 — the Trade Register accepts e-signed dossiers from any jurisdiction. But "100% remote" obscures the three points where physical presence still matters: bank onboarding, occasional ANAF in-person checks, and apostille logistics for non-Hague countries.
Incorpore Advisory
Relocation
2 May 2026
7 min read
A side-by-side look at four EU/EEA limited-liability vehicles for owner-managed businesses: capital, governance, headline tax, banking, ongoing compliance, and where each one wins. Written for founders weighing where to form, not where to incorporate forever.
Incorpore Advisory
Relocation
1 May 2026
7 min read
Romania became a full Schengen member on 1 January 2025, ending decades of staggered accession. For founders from the UAE, US, Israel, and other non-EU jurisdictions, the calculus around a Romanian residence permit has shifted materially. The mechanics, opportunities, and traps.
Incorpore Advisory
Relocation
1 May 2026
9 min read
A relocation from Germany to Romania does not begin at the SRL formation. It begins with the German exit-tax sequence under §6 AStG, which determines whether the move is recognised, deferred, or treated as a deemed disposal. The sequencing is unforgiving.
Incorpore Advisory
Banking
1 May 2026
7 min read
Opening a EUR account at a Romanian bank as a non-resident is the single biggest friction point in entering the Romanian market. The dossier matters more than the conversation, the bank matters more than the dossier, and the activity code matters more than either.
Incorpore Advisory
Taxation
1 May 2026
7 min read
The Romanian microenterprise regime, codified in Title III of Law 227/2015, taxes qualifying SRLs at 1% on turnover. The rules on qualification, the €100,000 threshold, the employee requirement, and what happens at exit are misread frequently — usually by advisors who do not work in the Romanian Fiscal Code.
Incorpore Advisory
Taxation
1 May 2026
9 min read
A practitioner-grade 2026 guide to forming a Romanian SRL: statutory basis, who can incorporate, capital and CAEN codes, the Trade Register dossier, the 5–10 day timeline, banking, accounting, and the rejection reasons that quietly add a fortnight to filings.
Incorpore Advisory
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